General Announcements (2023)

This page lists announcements sent to announcement_submit@sympa.ligo.org . Announcements are posted to this page and sent out as a weekly email to the LSC every Friday morning (Eastern US). Job announcements sent to announcement_submit@sympa.ligo.org are not posted here but are instead posted on the LAAC page: https://wiki.ligo.org/LAAC/JobPostings.

If you know of an announcement that should be posted here or on the LAAC jobs page, please send it to announcement_submit@sympa.ligo.org .

---

Pre-apply virtual open house for prospective physics graduate students Saturday Dec. 2

Nancy Aggarwal has recently started a group at UC Davis Department of Physics. She will be building up the AMO/Quantum/precision measurements/GW research area here. Her group will build precision measurement experiments to search for gravitational waves and dark matter and am looking to aggressively hire capable students and postdocs.

The UC Davis Department of Physics and Astronomy will be holding a virtual open house for the PhD program in physics on Saturday Dec. 2 from 10-12 PST.

At the open house, prospective students will meet current UC Davis graduate students from all over the world, talk to professors and students about research opportunities, and attend an application workshop with members of the admissions committee and graduate students.

Sign up now! [https://forms.gle/s7DHhXvocpdj9xd77]

Schedule and additional information [https://sites.google.com/ucdavis.edu/ucd-grad-open-house/home]

The UC Davis Department of Physics and Astronomy provides a dynamic and diverse environment for the training of graduate students. We have vibrant programs in condensed matter, high energy physics, string theory, cosmology, nuclear physics, complexity, and atomic/molecular/optics. Graduate students can also work in interdisciplinary research on planet formation, photonics, quantum devices, and quantum computing. Our PhD graduates go on to prestigious postdoctoral positions and excellent industry placements.

Teaching and research fellowships are available for the entire duration of the study to cover the tuition and living expenses, including health benefits. Our graduate students regularly participate in topical summer schools, and present their results at workshops and conferences.

The Department and UC Davis as a whole value diversity and inclusion among students and faculty. Experiencing a variety of perspectives and interacting with colleagues from different backgrounds is rewarding for the entire community and enhances our research and teaching missions. The department strives to maintain a respectful, inclusive environment where all students can flourish. The department is an active participant in programs devoted to improving

diversity in the physics community, including APS Bridge, Cal-Bridge, and TEAM-UP.

For information on applying to UC Davis, including a program to waive application fees, click https://physics.ucdavis.edu/graduates/application-information

---

Nordic Winter School on Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

Dear All,

We are happy to announce upcoming PhD Winter School on Multimessenger Astrophysics taking place in Norway/Lillehammer on Jan. 28th - Feb. 2nd, 2024.

The school will be hosted at an absolutely wonderful place (Tron Hotel Skeikampen https://www.thonhotels.com/our-hotels/norway/skeikampen/), which offers fantastic skiing and hiking opportunities in between lectures!

The lectures will be on the following topics
) Theory and observations of astrophysical transients
*) Compact binary evolution
*) Multi-messenger detections
*) Nucleosynthesis
*) Fundamental physics in compact astrophysical sources
*) Strong gravity and gravitational waves

Interested students should apply through this website before *Dec. 20th, 2023: https://indico.nbi.ku.dk/e/nordic-school-2024

This webpage also contains a list of confirmed lecturers and other relevant information.

Kind regards,
The Organizers
(Irene Tamborra, Johan Samsing, Martin Pessah, Daniel D’Orazio, Poul H. Damgaard, Jose María Ezquiaga, Emil Bjerrum-Bohr)

---

LAAC recognition initiative

The LAAC team is excited to announce a new initiative to help increase the external visibility of the LVK service contributions of collaboration members. This initiative came out of a desire to remedy the lack of recognition for collaboration service work—particularly for early career researchers—incorporating the feedback we received on an earlier circulation of our proposal.

Our new publicly accessible website tracks and displays the contributions of individual collaboration members. The system is now open to LVK members to add their own contributions following the git instructions and using the existing entries as an example. Collaboration members from all three collaborations of all career stages are encouraged to add their contributions. The system allows individuals to add evidence for their contributions without supervisor involvement. The recording of a tutorial for how to use the git interface is available on the DCC. Any questions can be sent via the LAAC chat on Mattermost.

---

Distinguished Student Program (DS) 2024

Application Deadline: January 4, 2024
The APS recognizes that bringing outstanding young researchers to the annual APS meetings can be a career-changing experience.

Since 2015, the APS and Forum on International Physics (FIP) established the Distinguished Student Program (DS) to provide outstanding non-US young researchers with financial support to participate in the APS Meetings.

Conditions
Applicants must be:

• Non-US citizen
• Young researchers (Postdoctoral researchers, PhD or Master’s students) enrolled in the US or outside the US
• Have submitted an abstract at the March or April Meeting 2024
• Applicants must be both APS members and also be FIP members.

If you are not an APS member, visit the page See how to join APS.

PhD and Master’s students are eligible for one-year Free Trial Student APS Membership. After registering for APS membership, you can join FIP (membership is free).

Grant Amount: For in-person meeting
The DS travel award will cover the following costs for traveling, lodging and registration fees for attending the APS March or April in-person meetings 2024:

1. up to $2000 to assist young researchers enrolled in developing countries
2. up to $500 to assist young researchers enrolled outside the US (excluding developing countries)
3. up to $300 to assist young researchers enrolled in the US

The costs will be reimbursed to the awardees after participating in the meetings.

Grant Amount: For virtual meeting
The DS travel award will cover the costs of the registration fees for attending the APS March or April virtual meetings 2024.

APPLY NOW: https://info.aps.org/e/640833/x811TRqXBVS9L8QQ7/2qhp14/1070452863/h/0YHJAhGAsOk5gFKABlSdKMjbYbBX1OG_7-MeyjwEPew

Applications should include the following items:

1. CV
2. Motivation letter (1 page)
3. At least one reference Letter
4. Abstract submitted to the March or April APS Meeting 2024

The deadline is January 4, 2024.

If you have any questions, email the DS Program Chair, Maria Longobardi. These travel awards will be reimbursed to the awardees after the meetings.

---

Simons Foundation invites applications for Scientific Software Research Faculty Award (SSRF Award)

The Simons Foundation’s Mathematics and Physical Sciences (MPS) division invites applications for its Scientific Software Research Faculty Award (SSRF Award) in the MPS program for faculty appointments to start between September 2024–September 2025. The foundation strongly encourages scientists from disadvantaged backgrounds or underrepresented groups to apply.

Scientific software is a critical component of research, enabling scientists to analyze and reduce data, perform simulations, automate tasks, and produce and visualize results. As such, the development and maintenance of broadly-applicable scientific software has become an increasingly important intellectual endeavor. While scientific software experts are crucial members of research ventures, their career prospects beyond postdoctoral-level positions are limited.

The Simons Foundation invites applications for funding to support new research professor positions in existing academic departments (the “host institutions”) to be filled by scientific software-focused researchers. The SSRF Award will support researchers who have a strong track record of leadership in scientific software development. The aim of this program is to stimulate the development and maintenance of core scientific software infrastructure in academic environments through creating a new, long-term, faculty-level career path.

LOI due by 12 p.m. (noon) EST December 8, 2023

More information can be found here:

https://www.simonsfoundation.org/grant/scientific-software-research-faculty-award/

---

Multimessenger Cosmic Frontiers and CosPA23 conference open for registration

REGISTRATION DEADLINE: 15 OCTOBER 2023

Two meetings in November in Hong Kong: Cosmic Frontiers (8-9 November) followed by CosPA23 (10-13 November):

Multimessenger Astronomy: Bridging Transients, Lensing, and Dark Matter (Cosmic Frontiers)
Dates: 8-9 November 2023
Register at: https://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/events/multimessenger-astronomy2023/
Venue: Inno2, Multi-function Room 2-3, 2/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park

International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA 2023)
Dates: 10-13 November 2023
Register at: https://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/CosPA2023
Venue: Henry Cheng International Conference Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Registration is now open and free of charge.

Questions regarding the workshop can be sent to: pyho@phy.cuhk.edu.hk.

On behalf of the organizing committee members, we look forward to welcoming you at the events.

---

12th Australasian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (ACGRG)

Dear Colleagues,

I'd like to advertise the next Australasian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (ACGRG) that will take place at the end of November in Hobart.

The purpose of the ACGRG is to provide a regional forum to discuss general relativity, foster collaboration, and promote ideas and insight into the nature of gravity. The topics covered are broad, ranging from gravitational wave physics and astrophysics, exact solutions, and quantum gravity to cosmology and simulations. The primary focus is on in-person participation. However, the proceedings will be streamed via Zoom, and it is anticipated that 25% of talks will be allocated to online speakers.

The deadline for Abstract submission will close on 30 September 2023, but a late submission (up to a week) will also be accepted.

The registration deadline is 10 November 2023.

For more information please visit the conference website: https://www.acgrg12.org/ or send an email to info@acgrg12.org .

Best wishes,

Krzysztof

LOC Chair

---

Registration Now Open for GWADW 2024

We are pleased to inform you that the official website for the 2024 Gravitational Wave Advanced Detector Workshop (GWADW) is now accessible at www.gwadw2024.org

Please visit our website to find important information regarding the event, including details about the venue, accommodation options, and registration.

Key Information:

• Event Dates: May 12 to May 18, 2024
• Early Bird Registration Available: Register now and take advantage of our early bird discount.

Registration is now open. Secure your participation in GWADW 2024 and stay updated via our website as we move forward with the program development after the abstract submission phase.

We look forward to your participation in the 2024 Gravitational Wave Advanced Detector Workshop.

Best wishes,

Bram Slagmolen and David Ottaway,

on behalf of the GWADW scientific and local organising committees

---

27th Capra Meeting on Radiation Reaction in General Relativity

---

Mitacs Globalink Research Internship

Mitacs Globalink Research Internship student applications due Sept 21 at 1pm Pacific

The Mitacs Globalink Research Internship (GRI) is a competitive program that brings undergraduate students to universities across Canada for a three-month fully-funded research experience: https://www.mitacs.ca/en/programs/globalink/globalink-research-internship.

There are currently several gravitational-wave research projects based at Canadian LSC institutions available for summer 2024 (including 32124 at UBC; and 32729; 33851, 33903, and 33868 at CITA): https://globalink.mitacs.ca/#/student/application/projects

Student applications for projects in Summer 2024 are due September 21 by 1pm Pacific.

The Mitacs GRI program is open to undergraduates from the following countries and regions: Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom and the United States. From May to October of each year, top-ranked applicants participate in a 12-week research internship under the supervision of Canadian university faculty members in a variety of academic disciplines, from science, engineering, and mathematics to the humanities and social sciences.

Globalink Research Internship alumni interested in returning to Canada for graduate studies are eligible for the Globalink Graduate Fellowship.

---

“Gravitational Wave Probes of Physics Beyond the Standard Model” workshop, Osaka Metropolitan University in Japan, Nov. 06-09, 2023

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to announce the 3rd edition of the “Gravitational Wave Probes of Physics Beyond the Standard Model” workshop. This year, for the first time, it will be held in person at the Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP),

Osaka Metropolitan University, from November 6th to 9th, 2023. The programme will include review talks as well as short talks, on various cosmic and astrophysical sources of Gravitational Waves (GW) and GW detectors, as probes of BSM and gravity.

For detailed information about the workshop, please visit the following webpage:
https://indico.nitep.osaka-cu.ac.jp/event/130/overview

Registration is now open and we encourage contributions to the short talk and poster sessions.
Your active participation is most welcome!

We also kindly request you to share this announcement within your research communities.


With kind regards,

Marek Lewicki

On behalf of the Scientific Organizing Committee:
John Ellis (CERN & King's College London, UK)
Anish Ghoshal (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Hideki Ishihara (NITEP, Osaka Metropolitan U., Japan)
Hiroshi Itoyama (NITEP, Osaka Metropolitan U., Japan)
Nobuyuki Kanda (NITEP, Osaka Metropolitan U., Japan)
Marek Lewicki (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Nobuhito Maru (NITEP, Osaka Metropolitan U., Japan)
Nobuchika Okada (University of Alabama, USA, Chair)
Qaisar Shafi (University of Delaware, USA)
Mitsuyo Suzuki (NITEP, Osaka Metropolitan U., Japan)
Bogumiła Świeżewska (University of Warsaw, Poland)

---

Belize IMBH conference reminder/announcement

Dear Colleague,

I am excited to announce that Abstract Submission and Registration are now open for the conference

INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES: THE DAWN OF A REVOLUTIONARY ERA

From Saturday 2 December through Tuesday 5 December 2023 - San Pedro, Belize

Abstract Submission You can find details on the conference webpage https://sites.northwestern.edu/imbh23/registration/ . You are invited to submit an abstract for a talk or poster presentation. The deadline for abstract submission is August 30.

Registration Registration fee includes breakfast, mid-morning and mid-afternoon coffee + snacks, and lunch for every conference day, plus the banquet dinner (including drinks) and social activities. A discounted registration fee is available for all students attending the conference. The deadline for registration is September 15.

Conference Hotel We have reserved several rooms at a discounted price at the resort where the conference will be hosted. Discounted prices are guaranteed from two days prior to the start of the conference until two days after the end of the conference. See details at https://sites.northwestern.edu/imbh23/travel-information/ .

Social Events We are planning to have plenty of time for social interactions among the participants. Social activities will include an event with a Belizean musical group, an archeology presentation, and much more!

———————————

For further information, please do not hesitate to contact me (giacomo.fragione90@gmail.com); I would be more than happy to answer your questions. Please feel free to forward to anyone who might be interested.

Hope to meet you all in Belize,

Giacomo Fragione

On the behalf of the LOC

Giacomo Fragione (Northwestern University; Chair)

Priyamvada Natarajan (Yale University; co-Chair)

Madeline Wilson (Northwestern University; Staff)

On the behalf of the SOC

Giacomo Fragione (Northwestern University; Chair)

Priyamvada Natarajan (Yale University; co-Chair)

Vivienne Baldassare (Washington State University)

Emanuele Berti (Johns Hopkins University)

Laura Blecha (University of Florida)

Zoheyr Doctor (Northwestern University)

Jenny Greene (Princeton University)

Vicky Kalogera (Northwestern University)

Tom Maccarone (Texas Tech University)

Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz (University of California Santa Cruz)

Fred Rasio (Northwestern University)

Deirdre Shoemaker (University of Texas Austin)

Jay Strader (Michigan State University)

---

2023 Lunar GW Workshop: Merging Lunar Exploration with Multi-Messenger Revolution

Vanderbilt Lunar Labs Initiative is thrilled to announce the 2023 Lunar Gravitational-wave Workshop: Merging Lunar Exploration with Multi-Messenger Revolution. The workshop will be hosted at the historic Alumni Hall in Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, from 4-6 October 2023.

The goal of this meeting is to explore the technology and science cases for developing gravitational-wave astronomy on the lunar surface, specifically centering on technologies for the Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA), the field’s overlap with geoscience and active NASA/ESA missions, and the multi-messenger astrophysics landscape near the deci-Hertz spectrum. More information can be found at the workshop webpage.

This meeting will be in person with a maximum of 50 participants. Registration for the workshop is free; the registration link can be found here. The deadline for in-person registration and contributed talk abstract submission is 14 September 2023.

A list of speakers is being assembled and will be released when finished.

We hope to see many of you in October!

Sincerely,

Karan Jani and the Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC):

Eleonora Capocasa (Université Paris Cité)

Kelly Holley-Bockelmann (Vanderbilt University)

Philippe Lognonné (Université Paris Cité)

Robert Reed (Vanderbilt University)

Simone Dell'Agnello (INFN-Frascati National Labs)

Stuart D. Bale (University of California, Berkeley)

---

Announcement | GWADW 2024

First Announcement for the Gravitational Wave Advanced Detector Workshop 2024

SAVE THE DATE

GWADW will be held in Hamilton Island, Australia, 12-18 May 2024.

We are delighted to announce the 2024 Gravitational Wave Advanced Detector Workshop, a one-week event dedicated to exploring cutting-edge research and advancements in technologies and their implementations for current and future gravitational wave detectors.

Stay tuned for further details and registration information, as we prepare to launch the official website in the coming weeks.

Save the date in your calendars, and we look forward to having you at the 2024 GWADW!

Best wishes,

Bram Slagmolen and David Ottaway,

on behalf of the GWADW scientific and local organising committees

---

First Announcement — Windows on the Universe: Establishing the Infrastructure for a Collaborative Multi-messenger Ecosystem (16–18 October 2023)

NSF’s NOIRLab, in partnership with NSF and NASA, is happy to announce the workshop Windows on the Universe: Establishing the Infrastructure for a Collaborative Multi-messenger Ecosystem. This workshop will be hosted at the Westward Look Wyndham Grand Resort & Spa in Tucson, Arizona, on 16–18 October 2023.

The goals of this workshop are to identify pathways that increase the coordination of Multi-messenger Astronomy (MMA) observation campaigns and reduce operational redundancy across the network of ground- and space-based observatories. We invite the community to review the current state of resources for MMA, report on existing collaborations and partnerships, and identify potential obstacles to success. More details can be found on the workshop webpage.

The meeting will be in person with a maximum of 90 participants. Virtual participation will also be supported. Registration for the workshop is free (link here). We encourage in-person contributed talks but expect to be able to support a small number of virtual talks. The deadline for in-person registration and contributed talk abstract submission is 1 September 2023.

A list of invited speakers is being assembled at the moment and will be advertised with the second announcement.

Prior to this workshop, we would also like to solicit science and infrastructure ideas from the community. These papers (one page limit) can review the current state of follow-up resources, report on existing collaborations and partnerships, identify potential obstacles to success, and/or make recommendations to address the workshop goals. Further instructions can be found at this link. The deadline for submission is 8 September 2023. We encourage the authors to also post those to the arXiv.

Finally, the main outcome of this workshop will be a community-driven white paper to guide planning by NSF, NASA, and NOIRLab to facilitate infrastructure for a collaborative MMA ecosystem.

Hope to see many of you in October!

Sincerely,

The Science Organizing Committee (SOC):

Jennifer Andrews (Gemini/NSF’s NOIRLab, Co-Chair)
Ryan Lau (NSF’s NOIRLab, Co-Chair)
Monika Soraisam (Gemini/NSF’s NOIRLab, Co-Chair)
Patrick Brady (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee)
Brad Cenko (NASA/GSFC)
Alessandra Corsi (Texas Tech University)
Adam Goldstein (USRA/STI)
Armin Rest (STScI)
Jessie Runnoe (Vanderbilt University)
Hugo A. Ayala Solares (Penn State)
David Sand (University of Arizona/Steward Observatory)
Rachel Street (LCO)

and the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) from NOIRLab:

David Jones (Co-Chair)
Yuanyuan Zhang (Co-Chair)
Jessica Harris
Clara Martínez-Vázquez
Tom Matheson
Bryan Miller
Jayadev Rajagopal

---

GR/Amaldi 2025 logo competition

The 24th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation and the 16th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves will be held in Glasgow in July 2025. The local organising committee wishes to draw upon ideas from the community for the conference logo. We are pleased to announce a competition sponsored by the Institute of Physics to design the logo. The winner will receive £250.

The logo may draw upon connections to the University of Glasgow's research in gravitational-wave science or the UK and Ireland's long history of gravitation research; the Scottish setting; current topics in the field of general relativity and gravitation, or combinations thereof.

Submissions should be emailed to gr-amaldi@glasgow.ac.uk by 09:50 GMT 14 September 2023.

Submissions may be from individuals or teams, and multiple submissions are permitted. In submitting your design, you grant the conference organisers and the Institute of Physics the worldwide right to use, copy, display and distribute your design on any materials connected to the GR and Amaldi conferences (including, but not limited to, the website banner, programme, on-site posters and banners, videos, presentations, and branded items). You also acknowledge that the organiser may use an edited or modified version of the design without prior consultation. Please do not include your signature or other identifying information on your design, such that it can be judged anonymously.

---

GWPAW 2024 - Save the Date! May 27-31 in Tel aviv

Dear all,

We are happy to announce that the next Gravitational Wave Physics and Astronomy Workshop (GWPAW) will be held in Tel Aviv, Israel, on May 27-31, 2024. Registration opens December 1st. See the linked poster for further details. Additional information will be provided in the coming months. Questions may be directed to the locals Iair Arcavi (Tel Aviv University) and Ofek Birnholtz (Bar-Ilan University); other Scientific Organizing Committee members are listed in the poster.

See you!

---

IMBH Conference Announcement

Dear Colleague,

I am excited to announce that Abstract Submission and Registration are now open for the conference

INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES: THE DAWN OF A REVOLUTIONARY ERA

From Saturday 2 December through Tuesday 5 December 2023 - San Pedro, Belize

Abstract Submission You can find details on the conference webpage https://sites.northwestern.edu/imbh23/registration/ . You are invited to submit an abstract for a talk or poster presentation. The deadline for abstract submission is August 30.

Registration Registration fee includes breakfast, mid-morning and mid-afternoon coffee + snacks, and lunch for every conference day, plus the banquet dinner (including drinks) and social activities. A discounted registration fee is available for all students attending the conference. The deadline for registration is September 15.

Conference Hotel We have reserved several rooms at a discounted price at the resort where the conference will be hosted. Discounted prices are guaranteed from two days prior to the start of the conference until two days after the end of the conference. See details at https://sites.northwestern.edu/imbh23/travel-information/ .

Social EventsWe are planning to have plenty of time for social interactions among the participants. Social activities will include an event with a Belizean musical group, an archeology presentation, and much more.

For further information, please do not hesitate to contact me; I would be more than happy to answer your questions. Please feel free to forward to anyone who might be interested.

Hope to meet you all in Belize,

Giacomo Fragione

---

ASTROINFORMATICS 2023

ASTROINFORMATICS 2023

October 1-6, 2023, Napoli (Italy)

---

Registrations are open for ASTROINFORMATICS 2023

https://astroinfo2023.org/

Astroinformatics 2023 -will be hosted in the INAF National Auditorium in the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte.

The meeting aspires to continue the successful series of meetings over the last decades have attracted researchers engaged in the processing of astronomical data using modern computational methods. The scientific exchange between the astronomical and computational worlds is, as always, the main focus of the event.

This year, the workshop will focus on the new scenarios opened by the emerging deep learning and AI methodologies. During the 5 days meeting, specific sessions will be devoted to:

• Data challenges from ongoing and future projects
• Generative AI and Explainable AI in Astrophysics
• Novel AI applications
• The evolving computing landscape (HPC and quantum)
• AI-assisted discovery of analytical relations in the data
• Methodological transfer.

The meeting is structured around invited talks , contributed talks and ample space for posters.

Panel discussions on selected topics are foreseen at the end of each session.

The meeting proceedings will be published in a special issue of Frontiers. The lecture will be made available (with a doi) through the Media platform of the Italian Astronomical Society. The best posters will be selected and will receive a prize.

For other information, such as the list of Keynote and invited speakers please check the website of the meeting: https://astroinfo2023.org/

Jointly organized by: University Federico II in Napoli, Italian Astronomical Society – SAIt, Italian National Institute for Astrophysics -INAF, Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies - HITS, International Astroinformatics Association - IAIA

---

Amaldi15 abstract deadline May 29

Dear Colleagues,

As a reminder, the 15th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves will be held as a fully virtual event on July 17-21, 2023, and the abstract deadline is in one week, on May 29th.

The theme for this year's meeting is “The broad reach of gravitationalwave science,” and the meeting will be free and all talks will be live-streamed and recorded. More information is available at https://amaldi15.org.

Please note that you need to make an account at Oxford Abstracts before you register as a second step and/or submit an abstract. Make sure that your account/registration email is the one where you want conference information to be sent.

Please forward this reminder to any pertinent mailing lists, and see you in July!

Laura Cadonati, Scott Ransom, Michele Vallisneri

(for the Science and Local Organizing Committees)

---

European Physical Journal early career travel grant

2023 sees 25 years since of the launch of the (EPJ), with the first issues of the core EPJ titles being published in 1998. To mark this anniversary, and in keeping with the long-held EPJ tradition of supporting early career researchers, EPJ is making available a number of grants to support meetings for young researchers throughout 2023.

Topics covered should be in fields covered by the EPJ portfolio; i.e. pure and applied physics and related interdisciplinary areas.

Applications are welcome from all over the world, but if there are too many requests of the same quality, meetings taking place in member countries will be given preference.

For details, see here:

---

MTW@50

The International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation (ISGRG) will organize an online event to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the publication of Misner, Thorne and Wheeler’s “Gravitation” (or “MTW”).

The meeting (hopefully the first in a series - stay tuned!) will be on May 3 at 8:30am Pacific Time = 11:30am Eastern US Time = 5:30pm Central European Time via zoom.

David Kaiser, who wrote the preface for the 2017 reprint of the book, will start off the meeting with an introduction. Both Charles Misner and Kip Thorne will participate. Kip will give a talk on "The Creation, Life, Death and Resurrection of MTW: A 50 Year Retrospective".

More details and Zoom link in http://www.isgrg.org/

---

Benasque workshop July 2023: "Understanding cosmological observations"

Dear colleagues,

We would like to draw your attention to the meeting, Understanding cosmological observations, that will take place this summer at a beautiful village of the Spanish Pyrenees (Benasque), from July 23rd to August 5th.

This workshop will focus on the data and theoretical modelling required to robustly understand the new observations as non-linear and foreground physics becomes increasingly important, and on the range of theoretical models that could explain the data and be empirically tested in the next decade. The program will consist mainly of a few lectures and discussion sessions, leaving plenty of time in the afternoon for interactions and research, as well as for mountain hiking. There will be plenty of opportunity for people to organise more specialized discussions where they can also present contributed talks.

More information and registration details can be found on the webpage:

https://www.benasque.org/2023uco/

We look forward to seeing you this summer in Benasque!

Regards,

Samaya Nissanke on behalf of the SOC

---

Multi-messenger Continuous-wave Workshop, 11-13 July 2023, Amsterdam

Dear all,

Registration is now open for the first Multi-Messenger CW workshop, in Amsterdam 11-13 July 2023, https://indico.nikhef.nl/e/mmcw.

The aim of this workshop is to bring scientists together, both inside and outside the LVK, who work on aspects related to continuous waves, including neutron star experts, radio astronomers, CW data analysts, dark-matter experts, and anyone who wishes to learn about how CW analyses are done. The workshop will feature tutorials about radio astronomy and CW data analysis, and we especially welcome the participation of early-career scientists, and expect to be able to offer some registration fee waivers for them.

Please let me know if you have any questions!

cheers

Andrew, for the LOC

---

Hardware focus survey on open source science (will close April 23rd, Sunday)

Dear Colleagues,

You are invited to participate in a survey about open source science. We are especially interested in your opinion about whether and how hardware developed in large international collaborative settings can move open source science, and specifically open source hardware, forward.

If you worked on/with hardware in general in the collaboration we would appreciate it if you could fill out a survey about your experience. Even if you are not developing hardware you may be using open source software and open scientific data regularly and thus we would love to hear your opinion. It will take about 15 minutes of your time to fill out the form. Your participation is anonymous and entirely voluntary. The results of this study will be shared publicly after the P&P review process.

The survey is available at: https://forms.gle/JEjWfpcYHmmaSckB9

Our goal is to map out how hardware succeeds in academia and identify ways that enable an "open source mindset" for hardware to gain traction in academic settings. Thank you in advance for your help!

Zsuzsa Marka

Please do not hesitate to contact me at zsuzsa@astro.columbia.edu if you have any questions.

---

GW data workshop @KIW10

Dear colleagues,

LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) will start the fourth observing run with unprecedented sensitivity from 24 May, 2023. To promote gravitational wave science with LVK data, the KAGRA collaboration in Taiwan will host a 1.5-day GW data workshop right before KIW10 at National Tsing Hua University on 27-28 May, 2023.

The data workshop will provide an opportunity to learn/study GW data analysis with mentors in person. This workshop is intended for students or scientists who wish to learn about GW data and software in order to conduct research in the field of gravitational-wave astrophysics.

The program includes a mixture of lecture style presentations and hands-on programming exercises. This workshop will be an in-person event.

Advance registration for the workshop is required and it is free for everyone; it is not necessary to register KIW10. To learn more and apply, please go to

https://indico.phys.sinica.edu.tw/event/74/page/165-gw-data-workshop

Please forward this to others who might be interested.

Albert Kong SFHEA

Distinguished Professor | National Tsing Hua University

Taiwan

---

Announcement: 15th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, July 17-21, 2023

The 15th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves will be held as a fully virtual event on July 17-21, 2023

Amaldi Conferences, held biannually under the auspices of the Gravitational Wave International Committee, are the premier forum for gravitational waves. Amaldi15 will be hosted by the North-American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, and it will address the full spectrum of gravitational-wave science, including current and future detectors, data analysis, source modeling and populations, multi-messenger astronomy, and more.

The theme for Amaldi15 will be “The broad reach of gravitational wave science.”

The meeting will be free, and all talks will be live-streamed and recorded, during three daily sessions spread over a 24-hour period. Registration and abstract submission will open on Monday, April 17 at amaldi15.org, and abstracts will be accepted through Monday, May 29. All further information, including the program of plenary talks and parallel sessions, will be continuously updated on the amaldi15.org website.

Please forward this announcement to any pertinent mailing lists, and feel free to post the attached poster at your institutions. Mark your calendars, make sure you register, and see you in July!

Laura Cadonati, Scott Ransom, Michele Vallisneri

(for the Science and Local Organizing Committees)

PS: Please note that you need to make an account at Oxford Abstracts before you register as a second step. Make sure that your account/registration email is the one where you want conference information to be sent.

---

KAGRA International Workshop

Dear colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the 10th KAGRA international workshop (KIW), to be held on 29-30 May 2023 in National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu City, Taiwan.

KIW focuses not only on the KAGRA project, but also encompasses all related fields such as other gravitational wave experiments, gravitational wave sciences, and multi-messenger astronomy. Here, we are inviting all of you to join this event in person, right after the beginning of the O4.

On the evening of May 29th, Prof. Takaaki Kajita, the Nobel Laureate of Physics in 2015, will also give a public talk as the PI of KAGRA project.

The early-bird registration ends by 15th April, 2023 and the deadline for abstract submission is 30th April, 2023.

Information about the travel and accommodation can also be found via the conference website below

https://indico.phys.sinica.edu.tw/event/74/

For further information, please do not hesitate to contact us!

Please also feel free to forward to anyone who might be interested!

Hope to see you all in Hsinchu.

Jun'ichi Yokoyama and Sadakazu Haino
On behalf of the SOC

Ray-Kuang Lee
On behalf of the LOC

---

Hardware focus survey on open source science

---

First Announcement: The Transient and Variable Universe Conference, 20-22 June 2023

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce “The Transient & Variable Universe” conference to be held 20-22 June 2023 at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

The goal of the conference is to bring together the scientific community working on transient and variable science across all wavelengths. The motivation is to identify the major fundamental scientific questions that can be addressed with the upcoming time-domain survey facilities in the gamma-ray, X-ray, optical, millimeter, and radio wavelengths. We hope to identify synergies between the various surveys and which rapid followup and pointed instruments will be needed to maximize the scientific return. The science topics will be wide and ambitious, covering both Galactic and extragalactic science.

The meeting will be in-person with between 100-200 participants. The talks will be broadcast remotely.

The meeting will be hosted by the Center for AstroPhysical Surveys (CAPS) and held at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The meeting is sponsored by CAPS, CMB-S4, LSSTC, NCSA, ngVLA, and the Roman Space Telescope, and STScI.

Please save the date: 20-22 June 2023
Sign up for announcements here:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Ig3jrwNrUfm-NyI0akINnY3lPH08RG8xHvVqGxlpH9M/edit

A second announcement will be coming in March with more details, a list of invited participants, and a link for registration.

Looking forward to seeing many of you in Urbana in June !

On behalf of the scientific organizing committee:
Marco Ajello
Barnali Das
Gregg Hallinan
Philip Lucas
Tom Maccarone
Julie McEnery
Gautham Narayan
Rachel Osten
Nico Yunes
Joaquin Vieira

---

Announcement for IMBH Conference

Dear Colleague,

On behalf of the Local and Scientific Organizing Committees, I enthusiastically invite you to attend the meeting

INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES: THE DAWN OF A REVOLUTIONARY ERA

From Saturday 2 December through Tuesday 5 December 2023 - San Pedro, Belize

Scientific TopicIn this meeting we aim to explore the various observational and theoretical aspects of intermediate-mass black holes, and their unique role in: (1) Cosmology and galaxy evolution; (2) Formation of gravitational wave sources; (3) Accretion, tidal disruption events, and high-energy phenomena. The workshop aims to serve as a focal point for researchers working on intermediate-mass black holes on all scales, to connect theorists and observers, and to link together and share knowledge and tools between groups working on similar questions.

Meeting FormatThe meeting will consist of contributed talks and active discussion, for about 6 hours per day from Saturday 2 December through Tuesday 5 December 2023. Plenty of time will be dedicated to fruitful discussions and interactions among the participants, and to enjoy the beautiful venue of Belize.

WebsiteFor registration, abstract submission, and updates, please visit the meeting website https://sites.northwestern.edu/imbh23/ .

Pre-RegistrationIf you plan to attend the meeting, we kindly ask you to pre-register. Pre-registration is not mandatory, and it will only be used to have an estimate of the number of possible participants and of the number of people that need a reduced conference fee. Registration and abstract submission will open at the end of May.

Social EventsWe are planning to have plenty of time for social interactions among the participants. Social events will include a guided historical tour, the social dinner, scuba diving, and much more!

———————————

For further information, please do not hesitate to contact me; I would be more than happy to answer your questions.

Please feel free to forward to anyone who might be interested.

Hope to meet you all in Belize,

Giacomo Fragione

On the behalf of the LOC

Giacomo Fragione (Northwestern University; Chair)

Priyamvada Natarajan (Yale University; co-Chair)

Madeline Wilson (Northwestern University; Staff)

On the behalf of the SOC

Giacomo Fragione (Northwestern University; Chair)

Priyamvada Natarajan (Yale University; co-Chair)

Vivienne Baldassare (Washington State University)

Emanuele Berti (Johns Hopkins University)

Laura Blecha (University of Florida)

Zoheyr Doctor (Northwestern University)

Jenny Greene (Princeton University)

Vicky Kalogera (Northwestern University)

Tom Maccarone (Texas Tech University)

Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz (University of California Santa Cruz)

Fred Rasio (Northwestern University)

Deirdre Shoemaker (University of Texas Austin)

Jay Strader (Michigan State University)

---

XV International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology (ICGAC15)

XV International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology
(ICGAC15)
• 2023-07-03 ~ 2023-07-07
• Gyeongju, Kolon Hotel

ICGAC15 is the series of biennial conferences on Gravitation, Astrophysics
and Cosmology which take place in the Asia-Pacific region, with the goals to
promote cooperation among the member countries and within an international
context, high level studies on hot topics and to encourage young physicists
on these fields.

---

ICRC 2023 Conference, July 26-August 3, 2023, Nagoya, Japan

The 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023) will be held at Nagoya University in Nagoya, Japan, July 26-August 3, 2023, including sessions on Multimessenger Astronomy and Gravitational Waves. The abstract deadline is February 10.

=============================================

Dear Colleagues,

The organizers of the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2023) would like to invite all interested persons to attend the ICRC2023 that will be held at Nagoya University in July-August 2023.


- Dates: July 26-August 3, 2023
- Venue: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Website: <a data-saferedirecturl='https://www.google.com/url?q=https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.icrc2023.org%252F%26data%3D05%257C01%257Cgonzalez%2540lsu.edu%257C679dfbf6542940c3677708db02d4c90c%257C2d4dad3f50ae47d983a09ae2b1f466f8%257C0%257C0%257C638106885164489812%257CUnknown%257CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%253D%257C3000%257C%257C%257C%26sdata%3DSkmgoe64qNeX67pKEZBhBfyFXbLSPlWgGO0A%252B1sfIm4%253D%26reserved%3D0&source=gmail&ust=1675538312762000&usg=AOvVaw0bIK-SwQPPm9oG4MRmi6RR' href='https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc2023.org%2F&data=05%7C01%7Cgonzalez%40lsu.edu%7C679dfbf6542940c3677708db02d4c90c%7C2d4dad3f50ae47d983a09ae2b1f466f8%7C0%7C0%7C638106885164489812%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Skmgoe64qNeX67pKEZBhBfyFXbLSPlWgGO0A%2B1sfIm4%3D&reserved=0' target='_blank' title='Original URL: https://www.icrc2023.org/

Click to follow link.'>https://www.icrc2023.org/
- Contact: info@icrc2023.org
For the conference details, please visit the ICRC2023 website, https://www.icrc2023.org/ or contact the conference office at info@icrc2023.org.

The International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) is a physics conference series organized biennially by the Commission C4 (Astroparticle Physics) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) since 1947. Physicists from the whole world present the results of their research in astroparticle physics at ICRCs. This time a new session topic, Gravitational Wave (GW), is covered in addition to the other topics from past ICRCs.


- Cosmic-Ray Physics
- Dark-Matter Physics
- Gamma-Ray Astrophysics
- Multi-Messenger Astronomy
- Neutrino Physics and Astronomy
- Solar and Heliospheric Physics
- Outreach and Education
- Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy

The city and venue of ICRC2023 have been changed due to the unpredictable COVID-19 situation and travel restrictions in 2023. To smoothly prepare and organize the large in-person conference, we decided to change the venue from Osaka International Convention Center to Nagoya University.


The dedicated webpage and website for the registration and abstract submission procedures are scheduled to open in December 2022.

We look forward to seeing you in Nagoya.

Best regards,
Shoichi Ogio for the ICRC2023 Local Organizing Committee

---

NCfA Symposium 2023

We are happy to announce the inaugural Symposium of the Nevada Center for Astrophysics, to be held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas between 22-24 February 2023.
This year, the symposium will focus on multi messenger astrophysics covering aspects of EM-, neutrino- and GW-observations.
More information (including the list of invited speakers, link to registration etc.) can be found at https://www.physics.unlv.edu/~kheirand/#home.
Throughout the symposium, there will also be an opportunity to showcase submitted posters. If you want to present a poster, there is a link to submit a poster abstract on the website above as well.
I’m also happy to answer any further questions you might have through email (carl.haster@unlv.edu)

Carl, on behalf of the organising committee:

Ali Kheirandish

Carl-Johan Haster

Bing Zhang

---

Workshop on Very Light Dark Matter 2023 (March 28-30, 2023)

Workshop on Very Light Dark Matter 2023 (March 28-30, 2023)

Dear colleagues,

Let us announce the workshop on very light dark matter 2023 (VLDM2023) on March 28-30, 2023.
https://indico.ipmu.jp/event/416/

It is a hybrid workshop at Mario Royal Kaikan in Chino Nagano.
Recent experimental results as well as future prospects, and theoretical progress of very light dark matter will be discussed.
In particular, the topics will be around
* Axion and axion like particles
* Dark photon and other light dark matter
* Light dark matter search experiments
* Black hole superradiance
* Cosmic birefringence
* Structure formation
* Weak gravity conjecture

We will have talks by several invited speakers (to be confirmed), and contributed talks and posters.
We will also have time for brain stream, discussions, and collaborations.
Registration and abstract submissions are now open and we look forward to seeing you soon!

Best regards,
Elisa Ferreira, Tomohiro Fujita, Motoko Fujiwara, Nagisa Hiroshima, Naoya Kitajima, Eiichiro Komatsu, Yuta Michimura, Ippei Obata, Maresuke Shiraishi, Fuminobu Takahashi, Yuko Urakawa, Masaki Yamada, and Wen Yin

---

GWADW 2023 21-27 May 2023

Dear colleagues,

here is the first announcement for the Gravitational Wave Advanced Detector Workshop that will take place in La Biodola, Elba, Italy starting May 21st until May 27th, 2023. Registration opening will be announced early next year.

Despite the strong limitations imposed in the last years, work on current and future Gravitational Wave detectors has been relentlessly going on. By the time of this edition of the Gravitational Wave Advanced Detector Workshop, the world wide network of interferometers will have started another observation run. Instruments have been upgraded to achieve unprecedented sensitivity and a new regime of event collection is expected. Interferometers to be hosted in large new infrastructures are gaining momentum, stepping from concept to real design. The accumulated experience is guiding the exploration of completely different working conditions, with cryogenics or different light wavelength. This is being blended with new ideas and new teams joining the enterprise. The time gap between currently planned observation runs and first data from new interferometers gives the unique opportunity to push current infrastructures to their limits, allowing to work on long standing limitations so to be ready for the future instruments. This critical period has to be used to continue building the gw community, training new instrument scientists to run large observatories, and data analysts to use better and better data. The workshop is an opportunity to introduce and discuss the many challenges for the near and far future of gravitational wave detection, with a format designed to favor informal discussion and ample time for poster presentation.

The Scientific Organizing Committee

Rana Adhikari

Marica Branchesi

Francesco Fidecaro

Shinji Miyoki

Kentaro Somiya

Gabriele Vajente

---

Winter School on Gravitational Astrophysics

Dear colleagues,

We are happy to announce the Nordic Winter School on Gravitational Astrophysics from Jan 29th to Feb. 3rd 2023.

The Nordic Winter School on Gravitational Astrophysics aims to introduce Ph.D. students, advanced Master's students and Postdocs to current exciting topics in gravitation, particle physics and cosmology. It takes place at the beautiful Thon Hotel Skeikampen, approximately 40 kilometers north of Lillehammer (200 km north of Oslo). You can find details about the area here.

This year, the school has a particular focus on Gravitational Physics and the science behind gravitational wave analysis. The School will feature the following invited guest lecturers:

• Elisa Bortolas (University of Milano Bicocca) -- Formation of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

• Simon Portegies Zwart (University of Leiden) -- Computational Astrophysic and Gravitational wave sources

• Aaron Zimmerman (University of Texas Austin) -- Gravitational Wave physics and observations Together with shorter topical lectures by:

• Johan Samsing -- Formation channels for binary black holes

• Jose M. Ezquiaga -- Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with Gravitational Waves

• Daniel J. D'Orazio -- Finding Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

• Maarten van de Meent - Modelling Black Hole Binary Dynamics The Winter School attendance will be limited to 40 participants. Please check the Registration page for detailed information about the necessary registration materials and deadlines.

Preference will be given to applicants from the Nordic countries, but there will be more spaces available and we encourage participants from all nationalities and backgrounds to apply. Young post-docs are encouraged to participate as well. Exceptionally talented M.Sc. students can apply too.

Transportation between Oslo Airport and the hotel will be provided without cost. All participants are expected to arrange their own travel to and from Oslo.

Please feel free to distribute this announcement to potential applicants.

Best,

Marteen van de Meent, Daniel D’Orazio, Jose M. Ezquiaga, Johan Samsing, Poul H. Daamgard and Martin Pessah

---

Important LVK Meeting Announcement

Dear LVK Members,
The registration for the March 2023 LVK Collaboration Meeting (March 13-16, 2023) held at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL, USA will be opening soon. In advance of that, there are TWO IMPORTANT REQUESTS from the local organizing committee.
Firstly to ensure there are sufficient rooms for the conference and space at the banquet/awards ceremony, we need to know whether you currently plan to attend the meeting and ceremony using this form, even if tentative, and please ask others in your group to fill it out as well:
https://forms.gle/YZBzSJgqaxkpq9tX7
Please fill this out by no later than December 5.

Second, if you need a support letter to apply for a US visa in order to attend, please use the following form, using the password "gw191109":
https://forms.gle/iHU5AS2bVdojDgA5A

If you have any questions at all, please send an email to lvk2023ciera@gmail.com.

Thank you,

LVK Meeting March 2023 Local Organizing Committee

---

Detecting continuous gravitational-wave signals: a Kaggle competition

As a collaboration between the University of Glasgow and the University of the Balearic Islands, with the support of the G2Net COST Action CA17137, we have launched a Kaggle competition for the detection of continuous gravitational waves. In this competition, participants are asked to develop a machine-learning-based solution to identify data samples in which a simulated continuous wave is present. The competition lasts for three months (October 2022 - January 2023) and there is a prize of $25,000 generously donated by Google to be split among the three winners of the competition.

https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/g2net-detecting-continuous-gravitational-waves

Continuous gravitational waves are a long-lasting form of gravitational radiation, yet to be detected by the current generation of interferometric detectors operated by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. They are expected to be emitted by non-axisymmetric rapidly-spinning neutron stars and they would allow us to probe the physics of such compact objects, as well as accessing the electromagnetically-quiet population of galactic neutron stars, otherwise inaccessible. Their detection would constitute the next major milestone of gravitational-wave astronomy.

Current continuous-wave searches are computationally limited, as the most optimal methods incur a computational cost orders of magnitude greater than typical budgets nowadays available. Latest advancements in machine learning, on the other hand, suggest that other, more efficient methods, could be used to develop more sensitive searches.

Kaggle is an open online platform associated with Google which hosts data-analysis competitions for different entities. Any individual can take part in this competition regardless of their background at no cost. Upon completion, the source code of winning solutions should be disclosed in order to be eligible for a monetary prize.

Join the competition and find all the info at:
https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/g2net-detecting-continuous-gravitational-waves

Thank you very much,

Rodrigo Tenorio, on behalf of G2Net

---

APS DGRAV seminars

The American Physical Society (APS) Division of Gravity (DGRAV) is initiating an online monthly seminar series. Starting on Oct 6 this fall, we plan to have an online seminar on the first Thursday of the month, at 3 pm Eastern time, covering a broad range of topics within gravitational physics.

The format for these seminars will be to have a more senior person, typically the research supervisor, give a short (about 15 mins) overview talk introducing the topic and open questions, and a more junior person, typically a graduate student or postdoc, give a research talk (about 30 mins) that should be accessible to the DGRAV membership. We hope that the seminar will help all of us learn about new subjects, while providing junior researchers with the opportunity to introduce themselves to our community. The talks will be live-streamed on Zoom, and recordings will be available on the APS Youtube Channel (details on how to access the recordings to be announced later).

The schedule for the next two seminars is as follows (please mark your calendar!):

Oct. 6: Prof. Emanuele Berti (Johns Hopkins U) and Dr. Kaze Wong (Flatiron Institute)

Nov. 3: Prof. Asimina Arvanitaki (Perimeter Institute) and Prof. Masha Baryakhtar (U. Washington)

DGRAV would very much appreciate suggestions for future speakers - to do so, please make a suggestion (name, affiliation, email address, and research topic) here. Please contact Kent Yagi (ky5t@virginia.edu) for any questions.

---

Archived Listings

• 2022 Announcements
• 2021 Announcements
• 2020 Announcements
• 2019 Announcements
• 2018 Announcements